Colton Regan Reading Assignment Thread

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Thread

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What are the conflicting interpretations of justice found in the play? What is the role of the state in society and how does devotion to the gods at times conflict with the survival of the state? What is the relation between family and state? How can the liberties and authority of each, (note I said each!) conflict with the other?


The role of the state in Antigone is to keep peace, protect the state, and to help its citizens in city misfortunes (Oedipus Rex: The people come to Oedipus to ask the to save them for the plague that is attacking Thebes). In Thebes state is a monarchy ruled first by Oedipus then his to sons who killed themselves then Creon who is Antigone's uncle. In Antigone's case he devotion to the laws of the gods ends up killing her and her fiance/cousin and her future mother-in-law. Oedipus's case his parents wanted to see what Oedipus would do in his life but when they found out what would they decided to kill him. But they did not kill him just left him on a hill to die and unfortunately a man came and saved him. Later Oedipus went to the Oracle of Delphi and learned about his future. After he killed his father in a fit of rage, he defeated the Sphinx and married his mother due to his parents zeal. The relation between family and state is that state is the father of the community has the father is the head of the family. The liberties and authority of the family is that the father can punish the child has the state can punish the community. Justice is very hard to explain and there are many form of justice but in Antigone Creon's injustice to one of Antigone's brothers leaders to obey the laws of the gods not the law of Creon which was that nobody should mourn of bury him. Antigone does justice to her brother's body twice to her demise. Creon thinks that doing just to one of Oedipus's son by not bury him because he brought civil war on Thebes.

Colton Regan

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The Code of Hammurabi was written by Hammurabi in his reign of the First Babylon Dynasty in 1792-1750. The code pertained to the punishment of criminal activities, faulty construction, and wages paid to doctors or ox drivers. There are 282 laws written on twelve tablets. The laws were written in Akkadian, the common language of the Babylons so who ever could read would be able to read the laws. This would allow the common people to stand a fair chance of proving their case against someone of higher rank. The laws were strict and committing a crime or accusing somebody of a crime could have a negative affect on the accuser and a positive affect on the accused. This set of laws and Hammarbi's speech before the laws can tell us that crime was common among Hammurabi's people and his laws went to be readable by anyone in his kingdom that could read.

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Genesis deals with the creation of the world in the first chapters and tells about the Garden of Eden, creation of man and women, and the exile of man and women from the Garden of Eden because of there sin, eating of the tree of knowledge of good and evil. It was written by Moses who wrote the first five books of the Bible. Moses wrote Genesis around 1400 BC. The first book of the Bible was written to record the creation of the earth and what happened after it was created. The first thing the book of Genesis talks about is the creation of the world starting with light and dark and finally ending with man. After naming all the animals of the world, Eve eats the fruit of the tree of knowledge of good and evil with persuasion form a serpent and gives it to Adam to eat. When they consumed the fruit, it opened there eyes so they hide themselves form God. We can learn form this what the world was like before sin came into the world and who the world was created.

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This text is a historical Biblical text. It was written around 1440-1400 BC by Moses. The reason this text was written was for the Hebrews nation's history and for Christians to read. It also tells what was happening in Egypt and other place. Genesis contains the Covenant with Abraham with God. Exodus and Deuteronomy contains the history of the Hebrews escape form the Egyptians and the forty years they walking and lived in the desert. Deuteronomy also contains some text that deals with the forty years in the desert. It also has the acceptation of the 10 Commandment by Moses. The Ten Commandments were the Hebrews laws that they followed.

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Joseph Lam showed me the difference and similarity of ancient peoples ideas on the creation of the earth. I agree with the ideas the that he brings up bit I cannot totally understand what he is trying to explain/ tell the reader. I also could not find the point at which he tried explain.


I also made a 36 out of 70 on the practice test.

[sigdor3]

Good stuff here Colton. Practice test score isn't terrible by any stretch. It's recommended to shoot for a fifty or better to score a five. Without any formal study, you only came up 14 short of that goal.

We'll flesh out these readings in class tomorrow.

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The History is written by Herodotus. He lived between 484–425 BC. The purpose of this text is to record what the conspirators in Persia want for there government. There are seven conspirators for the Persian thrown. Three of them give a speech for a democracy, another for a oligarchy and last spoke for a monarchy. This three governments were voted upon and the monarchy own. Otanes who wanted a democracy left when the other conspirators wanted to have monarchy. He left under one condition though that none of the other conspirators should rule of him and his family.

I could not find the History of the Peloponnesian War.

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Thuycidides wrote the history of the Peloponnesian War to record what happened in the war and also because he was a Athenian general who lost a battle. He was expeled from Athens so he wrote the history because he had nothing else to do. He wrote about the war uptil 411 BC. He did not finish it because he died. Pericles at the funeral of all the men that had died in the war tells us some of the things that happened. He tells us that the Athenians had a navy and army. They were both very busy fighting the enemy and that had lost some battles but that they had also beat the Spartans. Pericles also says that the Athenian men are better than the Spartans.

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Politics- The Han emperors conquered Korea, Indonesia, and some parts of Asia. The Han Empire was a bureaucracy. The conquest brought new things in to China form trade. The Chinese government was over thrown many times also they were some years without a central government during one of this times Confucius ma

?$? ?
Por tomar de manera positiva lo que indicaba el último post, he puesto una queja a través de la web del Ayuntamiento, a ver si hubiera suerte y nos quitaran a nosotros también algún banco, al menos los más cercanos al edificio. Lo digo por si alguno queréis ponerla también, siempre será mejor que reciban varias, que no una sola (aunque como sirva para lo mismo que la que pusimos en verano, vamos apañaos).

Saludos???
61b6??3pas encore le cr sinon j'y serai allé avec joie ^^ embraced traditional Chinese belief's in nature's harmony.

[sigdor3]

Colton,

Your source analysis is very good. Your study guide...is very, very, very thin.

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The Crito was written by Socrates pupil, Plato. It takes place in Socrates prison cell in Athens on the morning of Socrates' death. Crito is one of the Socrates'.. pupils like Plato. Crito could get Socrates out of the jail but he refuses. After that Crito and Socrates talk about injustice and the justice of Socrates death. Crito tries to get Socrates to leave with two arguments. They are that he would be doing a injustice to himself and he would be leaving his sons without a father. Socrates replies that if was going to leave he would break a law which meant he would break all of the laws. In the end Crito goes along with Socrates idea that it would be worse to leave his cell and escape death than to stay and die. Crito was written in 360 B.C. The Crito was written by Plato to record what happened to Socrates in his final hours.

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In the Republic Socrates and Glaucon talk about the connection between order of the city and the order of the soul and constitution government and individual character. It was written by Plato around 380 B.C. In the Republic Socrates gives three analogies first the Cave analogy, second the of the Sun and the analogy of the Line. In the analogy of the cave which probably the most famous analogy Socrates show us the what educations and being not educated effects are.

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570 Muhammad is born. 613 Muhammad begins his new religion. 632 Muhammad dies.
Before Muhammad there was Bedouin tribes/clans that would fight each other periodically because of stole sheep or they were sore losers at a horse race or over wells. This clans were lead by the shaykhs or leaders of the tribe. The trading cities popped up every where most important of them being Mecca. Women had greater freedom than others in the Bedouin clans and cities that they traded with.

The beginnings of Islam: Muhammad
Muhammad lived in Mecca and married a widow of merchant. He did not write the Qur'an but his teachings and injunctions formed the Qur'an. Muhammad had to leave Mecca because of persection and he went to Median were his following had already fled. After his death there was the Sunni-Shi'a split which was caused by different people wanting a different Caliph. The people that the Muslims conquered were aloud to worship their own way but if they converted to Islam they were partial exempt form taxes. The Umayyads were the first rule the Islamic Empire. After them came the Abbasid who like the Umayyads conquered more area of land until they had conquered Persia, Sicily and Spain. Spain was ruled by the Umayyads.

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The Politics is on political philosophy like what type of government is the best one and who is a citizen. Aristotle wrote the Politics. This text was written to record the conversation of Aristotle when he talked about a good and bad government and other questions retaining to politics. The ideal form of state for Aristotle is a monarchy. Aristotle definition of justice is restoring a proper balance or putting to right any wrongs. Aristotle's definition of man is a political animal and they "require to know". Aristotle talks about man, a good government, the nature of the state and justice in the Politics. The Politics was written in 350 B.C.

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The Byzantine Empire was the Eastern Part of the Roman Empire and fell to the Turks 1450. The Byzantine Empire began in the 4th century AD. Justinian built the Hagia Sophia, which was a huge church. Belisarius, one of Justinian's top generals, helped Justinian conquer parts of Africa and parts of Italy.

After Justinian his successors started to build up the defenses of the empire form the Muslims. They tried to many times to conquer Constantinople. They conquer much of the empire until Constantinople was only left along with the area around it. Some of Justinian successors were strong but some were weak leaders. Byzantium was a Christian nation until it fell and became a Muslim country.

Eastern and Western Christianity
The Schism-1054
It was caused by a quarrel over what type of bread ( with or without yeast) to use in the communion. Along with new disputes led to new bitterness which led to the split of the church. Which was complete and final.

The Emergence of Kievan Rus'
Kievan Rus' were early Russians. They traded from Sweden to Constantinople. They made there own church called the Russian Orthodox church when Vladimir the First choose the Eastern Orthodox Church. They began to fall along with Constantinople when the Muslims began to invade. Tatars then ruled over the Russian aristocratic class for about two centuries. During this time at which both Russia and Constantinople was under siege the eastern Europe fell behind the Western Europe in politics, economy, and culture.

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Confucianism was founded by Confucius and his religion is worshiped mainly in China. Even though it does have large groups of Confucianism in some oriental countries. The main morals of Confucianism is Jen and Li. Jen is goodness and Li is the main ordering of life. Li has five relationships father to son, emperor to nation, and so on. There are two main builds dedicated to Confucius the Tempe of Confucius and the Cemetery of Confucius. Both are in Qufu, China, Confucius hometown. Confucius taught the nobility in China and walked around China with his group of disciples. They spread Confucius ideas after his death. There are nine Confucian books that are the most sacred. They are the Four Books and the Five Classics. They "talk" about rulers, politeness, poetry, and the ideas of Jen and the other morals of Confucianism.

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Chapter #8 Study Guide
Stateless societies were the main type of governments than centralized governments like Egypt.
Islam came to Africa by jihadist in Egypt and to the west coast by traders. Ifriquya is the Arabic term for eastern North Africa. Maghrib is the Arabic word for western North Africa.
Christianity had come to Africa by the Roman Empire. They were primarily in Ethiopia, Nubia, and other parts of Africa. The most famous of them is Ethiopia that did not become a Muslim nation until 13th Century A.D. King Laibela lived in 13th and was one of the Ethiopian kings. He built eleven churches that were cut out of bedrock.
The main African job for the men was to farm but there were gold smiths and iron workers.
The Grasslands were affected more by Islamic ideas even though they never invade the grasslands than beliefs of Christianity. This is shown by the amount mosque and other buildings.
The Kongo was one of the central African kingdoms that formed around 15th century and was very close connection with the Portuguese. Farther to east The Bantu confederation was formed of farmers and cattle-herders of Shona-speaking people. It began in the 9th century and in the 15th century it formed the centralized state called the Great Zimbabwe. It had buildings that was thought that it was built by Portuguese not by Africans.

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Polybius live in the 2nd century BC. He wrote the histories around 200-118 BC. He is a Greek Historian who when he was young was a captive in Rome. Even when he had a chance to go back to his home he decided not to. He wrote the Histories to people of Rome to help them in there ideas. He wrote it to re instill the warlike behavior in the young roman citizens. One way he does this is by telling the story of Horatius Cocles. In the Histories he all tell people about the Roman government and how well it works and how stable it is. Even though Polybius is a Greek we can tell that Polybius has decided to go with the Romans and there ideas. Because during this time the Romans were very strong and had become a imperialistic state Polyubius is writing this to the Romans in the future of him not to the present Romans.

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Cicero wrote On Duties in October-November 44 BC during the political chaos after Caesars assassination. He wrote his to son who was living in Athens at the time. It is divided into three books in the first he talks about morals the second one he talks about how to live, and the third is how to make the best decision during which Cicero talk about the best way to live, behave, and observe moral obligations. Because of his political background Cicero knows how people will act when things are going against them and in this letter to his son he is trying to give to him so of the knowledge that he has gained throughout his life. He was a politician, philosopher, and a good orator. In it he talks about justice and other ideas that philosophers talk about. He also gives many helpful tips for life like "you should make the greatest possible use of your friend's advice". He also talks about decorum in many of his essays in which he divides decorum into two groups 'general' and 'subsidiary' decorum. General decorum according to Cicero is the quality consistent with the superiority of man insofar as his nature surpasses that of other living things and subsidiary is the achievement of a harmony of nature that reveals a man's moderation and self-control. When Cicero died in his assassination by Mark Anthony soldiers whom Cicero had denounced as an enemy to the Republic of Rome in a group of speeches against him Russell Kirk says " Whit Cicero's death fell the Republic".

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This text is the resume of Augustus and is the equivalent to Hatsheput's Mortuary Temple. In it August talks about everything that he was done for the Republic of Rome and all the other achievements that he had. In the first one he talks about when he was twenty he had an army at his back that he had paid for to protect the Republic and that he had beat the rebels. He also tells of how many triumphs he had been in and how many ships he had taken in battle. He also tells of the land that he had disposed of to his soldiers and to the Republic. In it he also tell how far he had extend the Roman Empire and many other things that he did. He lived between 63 BC-14 AD and he was the 1st Roman Emperor and ruled between 27 BC - 14 AD. The purpose of his text was so that Augustus would be remembered and would not be forgotten about by the Romans. At his death he also was made into a 'god' which would characterize the rest of the Roman Emperors at their death. At his death he said that he had found Rome a city of bricks and that he had left a city of marble. This shows the that the Roman Empire was being and the Roman Republic had fallen.

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